Human Endocrine Glands
Gland
|
Hormone
|
Functions
|
Hypothalamus
|
Releasing and inhibiting hormones and factors
Posterior pituitary hormones produced here |
Control of another pituitary hormones
|
Posterior pituitary gland
|
Receives hormones from hypothalamus no hormones synthesised here
stores and secretes the following: Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin) |
Ejection of milk from mammary gland, contraction of uterus during birth
Reduction of urine secretion by kidney |
Anterior pituitary gland
|
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinising hormone (LH) Prolactin Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin) Growth hormone (GH) |
In male, stimulate spermatogenesis
In female, growth of ovarian follicles In male testosterone secretion In female secretion of oestrogen and progesterone, ovulation and maintenance of corpus luteum Stimulates milk production and secretion Synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones growth of thyroid glands. Synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortex hormones growth of gland Protein synthesis, growth, especially of bone of limbs |
Parathyroid gland
|
Parathormone
|
Increases blood calcium level
Decreases blood phosphate level |
Thyroid gland
|
Triiodothyronine (T3)and thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin |
Regulation of basal metabolic rate, growth and development
Decreases blood calcium level |
Adrenal cortex
|
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) |
Protein breakdown, glucose/glycogen synthesis,adaptation to stress, anti-inflammatory/allergy effects
Na+ retention in kidney, Na+ and K+ ratios in extracellular and intracellular fluids, raises blood pressure |
Adrenal medulla
|
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) |
Increase rate and force of heartbeat, constriction of skin and gut capillaries
Dilation of arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles, raising blood glucose level General constriction of small arteries, raising of blood pressure |
Islets of Langerhans
|
Insulin (beta cells)
Glucagon (alpha cells) |
Decreases blood glucose level, increases glucose and amino acid uptake and utilisation by cells
Increases blood glucose level, breakdown of glucogen to glucose in liver |
stomach
Duodenum |
Gastrin
Secretin Cholecystokinin (Pancreozymin) |
Secretion of gastric juices
Secretion of pancreatic juice Inhibits gastric secretion Emptying of gall bladder and release of pancreatic juice in to duodenum |
Kidney
Ovary |
Renin
Oestrogens(17 Beta-oestradiol) Progesterone |
Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin
Female secondary sex characteristics, oestrous cycle Gestation, inhibition of ovulation |
Corpus luteum
|
Progesterone and oestrogen
Progesterone ans oestrogen |
Growth and development of uterus
Foetal development |
Placenta
|
Chorionic gonadotrophin
Human placental lactogen |
Maintenance of corpus luteum
Stimulates mammary growth |
Testis
|
Testosterone
|
Male secondary sexual characteristics
|
